Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)

วิธีสร้าง an NFT

ในการสร้าง NFT เราจะต้อง:

Upload รูป (image) ไปที่ IPFS เช่น Arweave
Upload json metadata ไปที่ IPFS เช่น Arweave
เรียกใช้ metaplex เพื่อสร้าง account สำหรับ NFT

Upload to Arweave

Press </> button to view full source

import fs from "fs";
import Arweave from "arweave";

(async () => {
  const arweave = Arweave.init({
    host: "arweave.net",
    port: 443,
    protocol: "https",
    timeout: 20000,
    logging: false,
  });

  // Upload image to Arweave
  const data = fs.readFileSync("./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png");

  const transaction = await arweave.createTransaction({
    data: data,
  });

  transaction.addTag("Content-Type", "image/png");

  const wallet = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("wallet.json", "utf-8"))
  
  await arweave.transactions.sign(transaction, wallet);

  const response = await arweave.transactions.post(transaction);
  console.log(response);

  const id = transaction.id;
  const imageUrl = id ? `https://arweave.net/${id}` : undefined;
  console.log("imageUrl", imageUrl);

  // Upload metadata to Arweave

  const metadata = {
    name: "Custom NFT #1",
    symbol: "CNFT",
    description: "A description about my custom NFT #1",
    seller_fee_basis_points: 500,
    external_url: "https://www.customnft.com/",
    attributes: [
      {
        trait_type: "NFT type",
        value: "Custom",
      },
    ],
    collection: {
      name: "Test Collection",
      family: "Custom NFTs",
    },
    properties: {
      files: [
        {
          uri: imageUrl,
          type: "image/png",
        },
      ],
      category: "image",
      maxSupply: 0,
      creators: [
        {
          address: "CBBUMHRmbVUck99mTCip5sHP16kzGj3QTYB8K3XxwmQx",
          share: 100,
        },
      ],
    },
    image: imageUrl,
  };

  const metadataRequest = JSON.stringify(metadata);

  const metadataTransaction = await arweave.createTransaction({
    data: metadataRequest,
  });

  metadataTransaction.addTag("Content-Type", "application/json");

  await arweave.transactions.sign(metadataTransaction, wallet);

  console.log("metadata txid", metadataTransaction.id);

  console.log(await arweave.transactions.post(metadataTransaction));
})();

// 1. Upload image to Arweave
const data = fs.readFileSync("./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png");

const transaction = await arweave.createTransaction({
  data: data,
});

transaction.addTag("Content-Type", "image/png");

const wallet = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("wallet.json", "utf-8"))
await arweave.transactions.sign(transaction, wallet);

const response = await arweave.transactions.post(transaction);
console.log(response);

const id = transaction.id;
const imageUrl = id ? `https://arweave.net/${id}` : undefined;

// 2. Upload metadata to Arweave

const metadataRequest = JSON.stringify(metadata);

const metadataTransaction = await arweave.createTransaction({
  data: metadataRequest,
});

metadataTransaction.addTag("Content-Type", "application/json");

await arweave.transactions.sign(metadataTransaction, wallet);

await arweave.transactions.post(metadataTransaction);

from arweave.arweave_lib import Wallet, Transaction, API_URL
import json

# Load your arweave wallet
your_ar_wallet = Wallet('wallet.json')

with open('./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png', 'rb') as f:
    img_in_bytes = f.read()

# Upload image to Arweave
transaction = Transaction(your_ar_wallet, data=img_in_bytes)
transaction.add_tag('Content-Type', 'image/png')
transaction.sign()
transaction.send()

image_url = API_URL+"/"+transaction.id

# Define metadata
metadata = {
    "name": "Custom NFT #1",
    "symbol": "CNFT",
    "description": "A description about my custom NFT #1",
    "seller_fee_basis_points": 500,
    "external_url": "https://www.customnft.com/",
    "attributes": [
        {
            "trait_type": "NFT type",
            "value": "Custom"
        }
    ],
    "collection": {
        "name": "Test Collection",
        "family": "Custom NFTs",
    },
    "properties": {
        "files": [
            {
                "uri": image_url,
                "type": "image/png",
            },
        ],
        "category": "image",
        "maxSupply": 0,
        "creators": [
            {
                "address": "CBBUMHRmbVUck99mTCip5sHP16kzGj3QTYB8K3XxwmQx",
                "share": 100,
            },
        ],
    },
    "image": image_url,
}

# Upload metadata to Arweave
meta_transaction = Transaction(your_ar_wallet, data=json.dumps(metadata))
meta_transaction.add_tag('Content-Type', 'text/html')
meta_transaction.sign()
meta_transaction.send()

metadata_url = API_URL+"/"+meta_transaction.id

print(metadata_url)

#  1. Load your arweave wallet
your_ar_wallet = Wallet('wallet.json')

#  2. Upload image to Arweave
with open('./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png', 'rb') as f:
    img_in_bytes = f.read()

transaction = Transaction(your_ar_wallet, data=img_in_bytes)
transaction.add_tag('Content-Type', 'image/png')
transaction.sign()
transaction.send()

image_url = API_URL+"/"+transaction.id

#  3. Upload metadata to Arweave
meta_transaction = Transaction(your_ar_wallet, data=json.dumps(metadata))
meta_transaction.add_tag('Content-Type', 'text/html')
meta_transaction.sign()
meta_transaction.send()

metadata_url = API_URL+"/"+meta_transaction.id

Mint the NFT

ถ้าเรามีรูป และ metadata ที่ upload ไปแล้วเราก็สามารถ mint NFT ได้เลยด้วย code ต่อไปนี้

Press </> button to view full source

import { Metaplex, keypairIdentity } from "@metaplex-foundation/js";
import {
  Connection,
  clusterApiUrl,
  Keypair,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import dotenv from "dotenv";

dotenv.config();

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
  const keypair = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    Buffer.from(JSON.parse(process.env.SOLANA_KEYPAIR!.toString()))
  );

  const metaplex = new Metaplex(connection);
  metaplex.use(keypairIdentity(keypair));

  const feePayerAirdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
    keypair.publicKey,
    LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
  );
  await connection.confirmTransaction(feePayerAirdropSignature);

  const mintNFTResponse = await metaplex.nfts().create({
    uri: "https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk",
    maxSupply: 1,
  });

  console.log(mintNFTResponse);
})();

const mintNFTResponse = await metaplex.nfts().create({
  uri: "https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk",
  maxSupply: 1,
});

Note

เราไม่สามารถ mint NFT ด้วย creator อื่นนอกจาก wallet ของเราได้ ถ้าเจอปัญหาเกี่ยวกับ creator ให้ลองดูว่ามีเราเป็น creator อยู่ในรายชื่อของ metadata นั้นๆ ด้วย

วิธีดึงข้อมูล NFT Metadata

Metaplex NFTs มี metadata เก็บอยู่บน Arweave ในการที่จะดึงข้อมูล Arweave metadata เราต้องหา Metaplex PDA และแกะ account data

Press </> button to view full source

import { Metaplex, keypairIdentity } from "@metaplex-foundation/js";
import { Connection, clusterApiUrl, Keypair, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"));
  const keypair = Keypair.generate();

  const metaplex = new Metaplex(connection);
  metaplex.use(keypairIdentity(keypair));

  const mintAddress = new PublicKey(
    "Ay1U9DWphDgc7hq58Yj1yHabt91zTzvV2YJbAWkPNbaK"
  );

  const nft = await metaplex.nfts().findByMint({ mintAddress });

  console.log(nft.json);
  /*
  {
    name: 'SMB #139',
    symbol: 'SMB',
    description: 'SMB is a collection of 5000 randomly generated 24x24 pixels NFTs on the Solana Blockchain. Each SolanaMonkey is unique and comes with different type and attributes varying in rarity.',
    seller_fee_basis_points: 600,
    image: 'https://arweave.net/tZrNpbFUizSoFnyTqP4n2e1Tf7WvP3siUwFWKMMid_Q',
    external_url: 'https://solanamonkey.business/',
    collection: { name: 'SMB Gen2', family: 'SMB' },
    attributes: [
      { trait_type: 'Attributes Count', value: 2 },
      { trait_type: 'Type', value: 'Solana' },
      { trait_type: 'Clothes', value: 'Orange Shirt' },
      { trait_type: 'Ears', value: 'None' },
      { trait_type: 'Mouth', value: 'None' },
      { trait_type: 'Eyes', value: 'Cool Glasses' },
      { trait_type: 'Hat', value: 'None' }
    ],
    properties: {
      files: [ [Object], [Object] ],
      category: 'image',
      creators: [ [Object] ]
    }
  }
  */
})();

const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"));
const keypair = Keypair.generate();

const metaplex = new Metaplex(connection);
metaplex.use(keypairIdentity(keypair));

const mintAddress = new PublicKey(
  "Ay1U9DWphDgc7hq58Yj1yHabt91zTzvV2YJbAWkPNbaK"
);

const nft = await metaplex.nfts().findByMint({ mintAddress });

console.log(nft.json);

วิธีดึงข้อมูลเจ้าของ (owner) ของ NFT

ถ้าเรามี mint key ของ NFT เราจะสามารถหา owner ปัจจุบันได้ด้วยการดู largest token account สำหรับ mint key นั้นๆ

เพราะ NFTs มี supply อยู่เพียง 1 ชิ้น และมันถูกแบ่งแยกไม่ได้ หมายความว่ามีเพียงหนึ่ง token account ที่จะถือ token ในเวลานั้น โดย token accounts อื่นสำหรับ mint key นั้นจะมี balance เป็น 0

ก็แปลว่าเมื่อเราหาlargest token account ได้เราก็จะสามารถรู้ว่า owner เป็นใคร

Press </> button to view full source

import { Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com");
  const tokenMint = "9ARngHhVaCtH5JFieRdSS5Y8cdZk2TMF4tfGSWFB9iSK";

  const largestAccounts = await connection.getTokenLargestAccounts(
    new PublicKey(tokenMint)
  );
  const largestAccountInfo = await connection.getParsedAccountInfo(
    largestAccounts.value[0].address
  );
  console.log(largestAccountInfo.value.data.parsed.info.owner);
  /*
    PublicKey {
        _bn: <BN: 6ddf6e1d765a193d9cbe146ceeb79ac1cb485ed5f5b37913a8cf5857eff00a9>
    }
     */
})();

const connection = new Connection("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com");
const tokenMint = "9ARngHhVaCtH5JFieRdSS5Y8cdZk2TMF4tfGSWFB9iSK";
const largestAccounts = await connection.getTokenLargestAccounts(
  new PublicKey(tokenMint)
);
const largestAccountInfo = await connection.getParsedAccountInfo(
  largestAccounts.value[0].address
);
console.log(largestAccountInfo.value.data.parsed.info.owner);

วิธีดึงข้อมูล NFT Mint Addresses

ถ้าเรารู้ public key ของ Candy Machine เราก็จะสามารหารายชื่อของ NFT mint addresses ที่สร้างจาก Candy Machine นั้นๆ โดยใช้ code ต่อไปนี้ ซึ่งเราสามารถ ใช้ memcmp filter เพราะใน v1 นั้น creator คนแรกจะเป็น address ของ andy Machine เสมอ

Candy Machine V1

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import { Connection, clusterApiUrl, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
import bs58 from "bs58";

const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"));
const MAX_NAME_LENGTH = 32;
const MAX_URI_LENGTH = 200;
const MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH = 10;
const MAX_CREATOR_LEN = 32 + 1 + 1;
const MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT = 5;
const MAX_DATA_SIZE =
  4 +
  MAX_NAME_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_URI_LENGTH +
  2 +
  1 +
  4 +
  MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT * MAX_CREATOR_LEN;
const MAX_METADATA_LEN = 1 + 32 + 32 + MAX_DATA_SIZE + 1 + 1 + 9 + 172;
const CREATOR_ARRAY_START =
  1 +
  32 +
  32 +
  4 +
  MAX_NAME_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_URI_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH +
  2 +
  1 +
  4;

const TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM = new PublicKey(
  "metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s"
);
const candyMachineId = new PublicKey("ENTER_YOUR_CANDY_MACHINE_ID_HERE");

const getMintAddresses = async (firstCreatorAddress: PublicKey) => {
  const metadataAccounts = await connection.getProgramAccounts(
    TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM,
    {
      // The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.
      dataSlice: { offset: 33, length: 32 },

      filters: [
        // Only get Metadata accounts.
        { dataSize: MAX_METADATA_LEN },

        // Filter using the first creator.
        {
          memcmp: {
            offset: CREATOR_ARRAY_START,
            bytes: firstCreatorAddress.toBase58(),
          },
        },
      ],
    }
  );

  return metadataAccounts.map((metadataAccountInfo) =>
    bs58.encode(metadataAccountInfo.account.data)
  );
};

getMintAddresses(candyMachineId);

const getMintAddresses = async (firstCreatorAddress: PublicKey) => {
  const metadataAccounts = await connection.getProgramAccounts(
    TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM,
    {
      // The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.
      dataSlice: { offset: 33, length: 32 },

      filters: [
        // Only get Metadata accounts.
        { dataSize: MAX_METADATA_LEN },

        // Filter using the first creator.
        {
          memcmp: {
            offset: CREATOR_ARRAY_START,
            bytes: firstCreatorAddress.toBase58(),
          },
        },
      ],
    }
  );

  return metadataAccounts.map((metadataAccountInfo) =>
    bs58.encode(metadataAccountInfo.account.data)
  );
};

getMintAddresses(candyMachineId);

Candy Machine V2

ถ้าเราใช้ Candy Machine v2 เราต้องหา "Candy Machine Creator" address ซึ่งมันคือ PDA โดยใช้ candy_machine และ Candy Machine v2 address เป็น seeds. เวลาที่เราได้ creator address มาแล้วเราก็ สามารถ ใช้มันได้เหมือน v1 เลย

Press </> button to view full source

import { Connection, clusterApiUrl, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
import bs58 from "bs58";

const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"));
const MAX_NAME_LENGTH = 32;
const MAX_URI_LENGTH = 200;
const MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH = 10;
const MAX_CREATOR_LEN = 32 + 1 + 1;
const MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT = 5;
const MAX_DATA_SIZE =
  4 +
  MAX_NAME_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_URI_LENGTH +
  2 +
  1 +
  4 +
  MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT * MAX_CREATOR_LEN;
const MAX_METADATA_LEN = 1 + 32 + 32 + MAX_DATA_SIZE + 1 + 1 + 9 + 172;
const CREATOR_ARRAY_START =
  1 +
  32 +
  32 +
  4 +
  MAX_NAME_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_URI_LENGTH +
  4 +
  MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH +
  2 +
  1 +
  4;

const TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM = new PublicKey(
  "metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s"
);
const CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM = new PublicKey(
  "cndy3Z4yapfJBmL3ShUp5exZKqR3z33thTzeNMm2gRZ"
);
const candyMachineId = new PublicKey("ENTER_YOUR_CANDY_MACHINE_ID_HERE");

const getMintAddresses = async (firstCreatorAddress: PublicKey) => {
  const metadataAccounts = await connection.getProgramAccounts(
    TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM,
    {
      // The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.
      dataSlice: { offset: 33, length: 32 },

      filters: [
        // Only get Metadata accounts.
        { dataSize: MAX_METADATA_LEN },

        // Filter using the first creator.
        {
          memcmp: {
            offset: CREATOR_ARRAY_START,
            bytes: firstCreatorAddress.toBase58(),
          },
        },
      ],
    }
  );

  return metadataAccounts.map((metadataAccountInfo) =>
    bs58.encode(metadataAccountInfo.account.data)
  );
};

const getCandyMachineCreator = async (
  candyMachine: PublicKey
): Promise<[PublicKey, number]> =>
  PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
    [Buffer.from("candy_machine"), candyMachine.toBuffer()],
    CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM
  );

(async () => {
  const candyMachineCreator = await getCandyMachineCreator(candyMachineId);
  getMintAddresses(candyMachineCreator[0]);
})();

const getCandyMachineCreator = async (
  candyMachine: PublicKey
): Promise<[PublicKey, number]> =>
  PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
    [Buffer.from("candy_machine"), candyMachine.toBuffer()],
    CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM
  );

const candyMachineCreator = await getCandyMachineCreator(candyMachineId);
getMintAddresses(candyMachineCreator[0]);

วิธีดึงข้อมูลทุก NFTs จาก wallet?

เวลาจะหา NFTs จาก wallet เราจะต้องการ token accounts และแปลง (parse) หาว่าอันไหนเป็น NFTs เราสามารถทำได้โดยใช้ findDataByOwneropen in new window จาก Metaplex js library.

Press </> button to view full source

import { Metaplex, keypairIdentity } from "@metaplex-foundation/js";
import { Connection, clusterApiUrl, Keypair, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"), "confirmed");
  const keypair = Keypair.generate();

  const metaplex = new Metaplex(connection);
  metaplex.use(keypairIdentity(keypair));

  const owner = new PublicKey("2R4bHmSBHkHAskerTHE6GE1Fxbn31kaD5gHqpsPySVd7");
  const allNFTs = await metaplex.nfts().findAllByOwner({ owner });

  console.log(allNFTs);
})();

const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"), "confirmed");
const keypair = Keypair.generate();

const metaplex = new Metaplex(connection);
metaplex.use(keypairIdentity(keypair));

const owner = new PublicKey("2R4bHmSBHkHAskerTHE6GE1Fxbn31kaD5gHqpsPySVd7");
const allNFTs = await metaplex.nfts().findAllByOwner({ owner });

console.log(allNFTs);

# Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)

# วิธีสร้าง an NFT

# Upload to Arweave

# Mint the NFT

# วิธีดึงข้อมูล NFT Metadata

# วิธีดึงข้อมูลเจ้าของ (owner) ของ NFT

# วิธีดึงข้อมูล NFT Mint Addresses

# Candy Machine V1

# Candy Machine V2

# วิธีดึงข้อมูลทุก NFTs จาก wallet?

Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)

วิธีสร้าง an NFT

Upload to Arweave

Mint the NFT

วิธีดึงข้อมูล NFT Metadata

วิธีดึงข้อมูลเจ้าของ (owner) ของ NFT

วิธีดึงข้อมูล NFT Mint Addresses

Candy Machine V1

Candy Machine V2

วิธีดึงข้อมูลทุก NFTs จาก wallet?